This resulted in a lack of coordination between these armies, which caused a miscarriage of the plan, a forced halt in the German advance, and the subsequent withdrawal north of the Marne. The Germans, despite years of concentration on the Schlieffen Plan, failed to provide adequately for communication between higher headquarters and the rapidly marching armies of the right wing driving through Belgium and northern France. The fact that commanders could not control, coordinate, and direct huge modern armies without efficient signal communication quickly became apparent to both the Allies and the Central Powers. At one end of the scale was Great Britain, with a small but highly developed signal service and at the other end stood Russia, with a signal service inferior to that of the Union Army at the close of the American Civil War. The organization and efficiency of the armies varied greatly. ![]() The onset of World War I found the opposing armies equipped to a varying degree with modern means of signal communication but with little appreciation of the enormous load that signal systems must carry to maintain control of the huge forces that were set in motion. Communications Types - World War II Excerpt taken from: Military Communication From World War I to 1940
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